Life
of Gandhi
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October 2, 1869 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born at Porbandar in
Gujarat to Karamchand and Putlibai Gandhi. |
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| 1883
Marries Kasturba. |
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September 4, 1888 Sails for England to study law. |
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January 12, 1891 Passes the Law examination. |
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| June,
1891 Called to the British Bar and enrolled in the High Court. |
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| June
12, 1891 Sails for home. |
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| July
6, 1891 In India, introduced to Raychanbhai (Whom Gandhiji regarded
as his Guru) |
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| May
24, 1892 Came to Bombay to start practice in the High Court as a
Barrister. |
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| April
1893 Sets sail for South Africa to represent a Porbandar firm in a
legal case. |
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| June
1893 Faced a racist insult at the Pietermaritzberg station in South
Africa; ordered to go into the van compartment of the train although he
had a first class ticket.
Decides to
fight against racial prejudices in South Africa. |
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August 22, 1894 Founded Natal Indian Congress to fight colour
prejudice. |
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September 3, 1894 Admitted to Natal Supreme Court despite opposition
by Natal Law Society. |
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| 1896
Returns to India to organize support for Indians in South Africa. |
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November 30, 1896 Returns to South Africa with wife and children. |
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| 1897
Writes letters asking British authorities to end the laws which
discriminate against Indians. |
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| 1899
Forms Indian Ambulance Corps during the Boer War. |
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October 18, 1901 Starts for India assuring friends that he will
return to South Africa if his services were needed. |
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November 1902 Recalled to South Africa to fight against anti-Asiatic
legislation in Transvaal. |
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| 1903
Enrolled as Attorney of Supreme Court of Transvaal. |
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| Nov.-
Dec. 1904 Founded Phoenix settlement. |
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| 1905
Opposes the partition of Bengal, appeals to British colonial
officials to treat India as an integral part of the Empire. |
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| 1906
Demands Indian Home rule; takes vow of celibacy for life. |
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September 1906 Organizes Indian opposition to Transvaal Asiatic
Laws; addresses a mass meeting of Indians at Johannesburg which takes an
oath of passive resistance to the Laws. |
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January 1908 Gandhi adopts the word "Satyagraha" in place of
"Passive Resistance" to describe his nonviolence. |
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| 1908
Sentenced to two months imprisonment for failure to obey orders to leave
Transvaal. |
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| 1908
Gandhi agrees to voluntary registration if the Registration Act
stipulating compulsory registration for Indians is repealed, is
physically attacked by those who thought he had acted against the Indian
cause. |
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| 1909
Continues Satyagraha campaign against the Registration Act in
Transvaal; visits England to influence British opinion. |
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November 1909 Writes Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule). |
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| 1913
Indian marriages in South Africa are invalidated by the Supreme
Judgment. Gandhi defers plans to returns to India to take up the fight
against the new act. |
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| May
1913 Gandhi promises Satyagraha campaign if the South African
Government does not repeal the marriage law. |
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September 1913 Gandhi's campaign against the new marriage law
begins; Kasturba Gandhi arrested. |
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October 1913 Gandhi urges a strike by miners, leads a march into the
Transvaal. |
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January 1914 Suspends Satyagraha campaign following agreement
with Smuts. |
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January 9, 1915 Arrives in Bombay, India. |
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| May
25, 1915 Founds Satyagraha Ashram in Ahmedabad in Western
India. |
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| April
1917 Organizes Champaran Satyagraha. |
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| 1918
Organizes Ahmedabad Mill workers & Kheda Peasant Satyagraha.
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| April
1919 Begins all-India Satyagraha movement. |
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| April
11, 1919 Arrested in Delhi, escorted back to Bombay, violence occurs
in several towns. |
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| April
13, 1919 Troops fire on an unarmed crowd killing over 400 people at
a peaceful celebration in Amritsar, Punjab. Gandhi declares a three-day
fast in penance and suspends the Satyagraha. |
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October, 1919 First issue of 'Young India' under Gandhi's
Editorship. |
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November 1919 Presides over all-India Khilafat Conference at
Delhi. |
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February 1920 Gives notice to Viceroy of his intention to launch a
Satyagraha campaign in Bardoli (Gujarat). |
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February, 1922 Chauri Chaura incident and withdrawal of Non
Cooperation Movement. |
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March, 1922 Arrested for sedition. On 21 March sent to Yeravada
Jail. Remained in Jail till March 1924. |
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September 1924 Fasts 21 days for Hindu-Muslim Unity. |
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November 1925 Begins writing final version of autobiography. |
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December 1928 Gandhi moves in favor of Independence if Dominion
status is not granted by the end of 1929. |
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December 1929 Lahore Congress asks for complete independence at
Gandhi's insistence. |
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February 1930 Launches civil disobedience movement. |
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| April
6, 1930 Intentionally breaks salt laws at Dandi. |
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| May
1930 Gandhi arrested and imprisoned; civil disobedience follows all
over India. |
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| March
1931 Gandhi and Irwin, viceroy of India, reach agreement.
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August 1931 Sails for England to attend Second Round Table
discussion. |
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January 1932 Arrested 6 days after his return from England. |
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September 20, 1932 Begins a fast unto death in jail to secure
abolition of separate electorate for Harijans. |
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September 26, 1932 Breaks fast as the demand is accepted.
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February 11, 1933 Founds the weekly paper Harijan. |
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| May
8, 1933 Begins 21 day fast for self-purification and suspends
Satyagraha campaign. |
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| July
1933 Informs government of Bombay of his decision to revive the
Civil Disobedience movement; arrest follows. |
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August 1933 Goes on fast after he was denied facilities to carry on
anti-untouchability propaganda. |
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November 1933 Commences Harijan-uplift tour. |
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September 1934 Announces his retirement from politics to engage in
developing village industries, Harijan service and education
through basic crafts. |
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October 1937 Presides over educational conference calling for
education through craft labor. |
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| March
1939 Commences "fast unto death" to secure adherence to promises of
Government reform. |
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October 1940 Sanctions individual civil disobedience in wartime;
suspends Harijan and allied weeklies. |
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December 1941 Asks to be relieved of leadership of the Congress
Working Committee. |
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| May
1942 Appeals to the British Government to quit India. |
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August 9, 1942 Arrested in Bombay before day-break to stop him from
announcing the beginning of Quit India movement; imprisoned in Aga Khan
Palace. |
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February 1943 Fasts for 21 days. |
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February 1944 Kasturba Gandhi dies in prison. |
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September 1944 Gandhi-Jinnah talks regarding Pakistan. |
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| April
1945 Gandhi argues for equality and freedom for India as condition
of peace. He also asks for a just peace for Germany and Japan. |
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January 1946 Tours Southern India arguing against untouchability and
Hindustani propaganda. |
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February 1946 Harijan and allied papers revived. |
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| June
1946 Congress Working Committee decided to accept Interim Government
scheme |
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August 1946 Viceroy of India announces invitation to Congress to
form Provisional Government; Gandhi opposes partition of India. |
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October 1946 Noakhalli communal massacre. |
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| April
1947 Gandhi and Jinnah issue joint appeal for peace. |
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| May
1947 Congress Working Committee accepts partition in principle over
Gandhi's opposition. |
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| June
1947 Indian leaders accept Mountbatten partition plan; Gandhi
opposes it. |
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| July
1947 Independence of India Bill passed. |
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August 14, 1947 Gandhi hails August 15 as a day for rejoicing for
the independence of India but deplores the division of the country. |
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January 12, 1948 Gandhi begins fast for communal peace in Delhi. |
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January 18, 1948 Gandhi ends fast after communal harmony is assured. |
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January 30, 1948 Gandhi assassinated on way to evening prayers in
Delhi. |
